Physiotherapy Parkinson's Disease Management

Understanding Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological condition that affects movement, balance, and coordination. While there is currently no cure, early and ongoing intervention through physiotherapy can play a vital role in helping individuals maintain function, independence, and quality of life.

Parkinson’s disease primarily affects the brain’s ability to produce dopamine, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate movement. As dopamine levels decline, individuals may experience:

• Tremors

• Muscle rigidity

• Slowness of movement (bradykinesia)

• Postural instability

• Gait difficulties (e.g. shuffling, freezing)

• Decreased facial expression and speech changes

These symptoms often lead to increased falls risk, fatigue, and difficulty with everyday activities such as walking, dressing, and turning in bed.

The Role of Physiotherapy in Parkinson’s Management

Physiotherapy aims to maintain mobility, reduce stiffness, improve balance, and promote functional independence. Here’s how:

1. Improving Mobility and Movement

Physiotherapists use targeted exercises and movement strategies to help counteract slowness and rigidity. Techniques may include:

• Cueing strategies (e.g. visual or auditory cues) to improve walking speed and reduce freezing episodes

• Big movements therapy (e.g. LSVT BIG) to encourage exaggerated movements and combat bradykinesia

• Rhythmic gait training to help restore smoother, more confident walking patterns

  
  

2. Enhancing Balance and Preventing Falls

Parkinson’s can significantly impair postural control. Physiotherapy can reduce falls risk through:

• Static and dynamic balance training

• Core strengthening exercises

• Safe strategies for turning, reaching, and navigating tight spaces

• Education on home safety and assistive device use

  
  

3. Building Strength and Flexibility

Muscle weakness and stiffness are common in Parkinson’s. A tailored physiotherapy program can help:

• Maintain joint range of motion

• Improve muscular strength and endurance

• Relieve musculoskeletal pain caused by poor posture or asymmetry

  
  

4. Supporting Daily Function and Confidence

By addressing mobility issues and fatigue, physiotherapy empowers individuals to participate more confidently in daily activities like:

• Getting in and out of chairs or bed

• Climbing stairs

• Bathing, dressing, and preparing meals

• Participating in hobbies and social outings

  
  

5. Promoting Long-Term Brain Health Through Exercise

Research shows that regular physical activity may have neuroprotective effects in Parkinson’s. Physiotherapists are ideally positioned to design structured and safe exercise programs that support:

• Cardiovascular fitness

• Mental wellbeing

• Slower progression of motor symptoms

How Physiotherapy Sessions Are Tailored

Every person with Parkinson’s presents differently, and a skilled physiotherapist will:

• Conduct a thorough assessment of movement, strength, balance, and gait

• Understand individual goals and challenges

• Develop a customised treatment plan (clinic-based, home-based, or a combination)

• Monitor and adjust the program as needs evolve over time

When Should You Start Physiotherapy?

Early intervention is key. People diagnosed with Parkinson’s should begin physiotherapy as soon as possible, even if symptoms are mild. Early assessment and education can help delay the onset of mobility issues and create a long-term plan tailored to your goals and lifestyle.